What are the AI agent orchestration frameworks?

AI Agent Orchestration Frameworks

Orchestration frameworks provide the infrastructure to build, manage, and coordinate AI agents — handling state, tool calls, routing, and multi-agent workflows.

Major Frameworks Compared

LangGraph Example (Most Common in Production)

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from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, END
from typing import TypedDict, List

class AgentState(TypedDict):
    messages: List[dict]
    next_action: str

def planner(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:
    '''Decides what to do next'''
    response = llm.invoke(state["messages"])
    return {"next_action": response.content, "messages": state["messages"]}

def executor(state: AgentState) -> AgentState:
    '''Executes the planned action'''
    result = run_tool(state["next_action"])
    state["messages"].append({"role": "tool", "content": result})
    return state

def should_continue(state: AgentState):
    if "DONE" in state["next_action"]:
        return END
    return "executor"

# Build graph
graph = StateGraph(AgentState)
graph.add_node("planner", planner)
graph.add_node("executor", executor)
graph.add_conditional_edges("planner", should_continue)
graph.add_edge("executor", "planner")
graph.set_entry_point("planner")
app = graph.compile()

CrewAI Example (High-Level)

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from crewai import Agent, Task, Crew

researcher = Agent(
    role="Research Analyst",
    goal="Research the latest AI trends",
    tools=[web_search_tool]
)

writer = Agent(
    role="Technical Writer",
    goal="Write a clear report from research findings"
)

crew = Crew(
    agents=[researcher, writer],
    tasks=[research_task, writing_task],
    process="sequential"  # or "hierarchical"
)

result = crew.kickoff(inputs={"topic": "AI agents in 2025"})

How to Choose

Key Capabilities to Look For

• State management — how agent memory is stored across steps
• Human-in-the-loop — ability to pause for human input
• Tool integration — ease of connecting APIs and databases
• Observability — tracing and debugging (LangSmith, etc.)
• Streaming — real-time output as agent works